Independent guides to golden visas and citizenship by investment
Compare residency-by-investment and second-passport programs worldwide: minimum investment, every fee, timelines and the path to citizenship, checked against official sources.
Minimum investment: €500k fund / €250k culture donation (€200k low-density)
Minimum investment: €250k conversion/listed building · €400k regions · €800k Attica, Thessaloniki & large islands
Minimum investment: €99,000 fees + €375,000 property or €14,000/yr rent
Minimum investment: €250,000 real estate fund (5-year hold) / €1,000,000 university donation
Minimum investment: AED 2M property or deposit (~$544,600)
Minimum investment: $800,000 TEA / $1,050,000 standard (CPI rise for petitions from 1 Jan 2027)
Minimum investment: US$300,000 (first-sale property); US$500,000 resale, securities or state-bank deposit
Minimum investment: $1M gift + $15,000 fee per person ($2M corporate)
Minimum investment: €250k innovative startup · €500k Italian company · €1M donation · €2M government bonds
Minimum investment: $250,000 contribution (SISC or Public Benefit Option); $325,000 approved real estate
Minimum investment: US$200,000 (EDF donation) or US$200,000 real estate + US$75,000 government fee
Minimum investment: US$230,000 NDF donation (US$260,000 UWI for 6; US$300,000 real estate)
Minimum investment: US$235,000 donation / US$270,000 real estate
Minimum investment: US$240,000 (NEF donation); US$300,000 bonds or real estate
Minimum investment: US$400,000 real estate (3-year hold)
View all: citizenship by investment →
The Northwest Territories Nominee Program will add 50 nominations for 2026, taking its annual allocation to an all-time high of 350 and prompting another Employer-Driven Stream draw.
Canada’s 2027–2029 Immigration Levels Plan keeps 380,000 annual permanent-resident admissions and 370,000 new temporary-resident arrivals. IRCC detailed 100,000 extra family and humanitarian spaces and another 100,000 linked to provincial programs.
Portugal’s government says foreign nationals who engage in disorderly conduct during housing demonstrations may have residence permits cancelled, potentially leading to departure within 20 days. Return orders are not part of the warning.