Independent guides to golden visas and citizenship by investment
Golden visas and citizenship by investment, researched country by country
Compare residency-by-investment and second-passport programs worldwide: minimum investment, every fee, timelines and the path to citizenship, checked against official sources.
- Facts verified against official sources
- Every page dated and cited
- No paid rankings
Golden visa and residency programs
- PortugalOpen (property route closed Oct 2023)Portugal golden visa
Minimum investment: €500k fund / €250k culture donation (€200k low-density)
- GreeceOpen (zone thresholds since Sep 2024; transfer-tax rise announced)Greece residency by investment
Minimum investment: €250k conversion/listed building · €400k regions · €800k Attica, Thessaloniki & large islands
- MaltaOpen (MPRP, fees reformed July 2025)Malta golden visa cost
Minimum investment: €99,000 fees + €375,000 property or €14,000/yr rent
- HungaryOpen – political review risk after the April 2026 electionHungary residency by donation
Minimum investment: €250,000 real estate fund (5-year hold) / €1,000,000 university donation
- UAEOpenUAE golden visa cost
Minimum investment: AED 2M property or deposit (~$544,600)
- United StatesOpen (regional center authorised to 30 Sep 2027)EB-5 visa
Minimum investment: $800,000 TEA / $1,050,000 standard (CPI rise for petitions from 1 Jan 2027)
- PanamaOpen: new rules since 16 Sep 2026Panama golden visa
Minimum investment: US$300,000 (first-sale property); US$500,000 resale, securities or state-bank deposit
- United StatesOpen, but only 1 approval publicly confirmed; under legal challengetrump gold card requirements
Minimum investment: $1M gift + $15,000 fee per person ($2M corporate)
- ItalyOpen (thresholds unchanged since 2020; Russia/Belarus suspended)Italy golden visa
Minimum investment: €250k innovative startup · €500k Italian company · €1M donation · €2M government bonds
Citizenship by investment programs
- St Kitts and NevisActive (EU phase-out pressure)St Kitts and Nevis citizenship by investment for family
Minimum investment: $250,000 contribution (SISC or Public Benefit Option); $325,000 approved real estate
- DominicaActive (US entry restrictions since 1 Jan 2026; EU phase-out pressure)Dominica citizenship by donation
Minimum investment: US$200,000 (EDF donation) or US$200,000 real estate + US$75,000 government fee
- Antigua and BarbudaActive: US visa restrictions since 1 Jan 2026; EU phase-out requested by 1 Jun 2028Antigua and Barbuda passport by investment
Minimum investment: US$230,000 NDF donation (US$260,000 UWI for 6; US$300,000 real estate)
- GrenadaActive (reforms pending)Grenada citizenship by investment
Minimum investment: US$235,000 donation / US$270,000 real estate
- Saint LuciaActive (EU requests phase-out by 1 June 2028)Saint Lucia citizenship government bonds
Minimum investment: US$240,000 (NEF donation); US$300,000 bonds or real estate
- TurkeyActive (valuation rules changed 28 Sep 2026)Turkey citizenship by investment requirements
Minimum investment: US$400,000 real estate (3-year hold)
View all: citizenship by investment →
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